From 40f17a1becd4e9aee0153d2ba374d7a914f5418c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:12:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] feat(seed): add seeded-dummy generator flag

---
 src/fields/GeneratorFlags/index.ts |  5 +++++
 src/types/payload.ts               | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/fields/GeneratorFlags/index.ts b/src/fields/GeneratorFlags/index.ts
index ffaf2a4..1fdce87 100644
--- a/src/fields/GeneratorFlags/index.ts
+++ b/src/fields/GeneratorFlags/index.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import { normalizeIncomingFlags } from './hooks/normalizeIncomingFlags'
  * generates thumbnails and resume documents, and used to filter those out of
  * the admin list views (see `scripts/seed-query-presets.ts`).
  *
+ * `seeded-dummy` is set by seed scripts (see `scripts/seed-pages.ts` and its
+ * siblings) on fixture documents, so they can be found and removed without
+ * touching real content.
+ *
  * A non-empty list *is* the "this was generated" marker — hand-uploaded assets
  * carry none — so the flags describe only what kind of artefact it is.
  *
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ export const GENERATOR_FLAGS = [
   'audio-thumbnail',
   'video-thumbnail',
   'document-thumbnail',
+  'seeded-dummy',
 ] as const
 
 export type GeneratorFlag = (typeof GENERATOR_FLAGS)[number]
diff --git a/src/types/payload.ts b/src/types/payload.ts
index 50ec8eb..7898bf3 100644
--- a/src/types/payload.ts
+++ b/src/types/payload.ts
@@ -369,7 +369,13 @@ export interface MediaImage {
   } | null;
   blurDataURL?: string | null;
   generatorFlags?: (
-    'resume-asset' | 'thumbnail' | 'document' | 'audio-thumbnail' | 'video-thumbnail' | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
   )[];
   prefix?: string | null;
   updatedAt: string;
@@ -423,7 +429,13 @@ export interface MediaVideo {
       }[]
     | null;
   generatorFlags?: (
-    'resume-asset' | 'thumbnail' | 'document' | 'audio-thumbnail' | 'video-thumbnail' | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
   )[];
   prefix?: string | null;
   updatedAt: string;
@@ -872,7 +884,13 @@ export interface MediaDocument {
       }[]
     | null;
   generatorFlags?: (
-    'resume-asset' | 'thumbnail' | 'document' | 'audio-thumbnail' | 'video-thumbnail' | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
   )[];
   prefix?: string | null;
   updatedAt: string;
@@ -910,7 +928,13 @@ export interface MediaAudio {
     [k: string]: unknown;
   } | null;
   generatorFlags?: (
-    'resume-asset' | 'thumbnail' | 'document' | 'audio-thumbnail' | 'video-thumbnail' | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
   )[];
   prefix?: string | null;
   updatedAt: string;

From 190776dff249b4903f265ed638ed77392ac1c8d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:16:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/13] feat(seed): add GeneratorFlagsField to seedable
 collections

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/collections/BlogPosts/index.ts       |  3 +
 src/collections/BlogTopics/index.ts      |  3 +
 src/collections/Pages/index.ts           |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeCustomers/index.ts |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeDocuments/index.ts |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeJobs/index.ts      |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeProjects/index.ts  |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeSkillTags/index.ts |  3 +
 src/collections/ResumeSkills/index.ts    |  3 +
 src/types/payload.ts                     | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 117 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/collections/BlogPosts/index.ts b/src/collections/BlogPosts/index.ts
index 12afbfd..5767f30 100644
--- a/src/collections/BlogPosts/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/BlogPosts/index.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 import { anyone } from '@/access/anyone'
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
 import { authenticatedOrPublished } from '@/access/authenticatedOrPublished'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { MediaField } from '@/fields/Media'
 import { MetaField } from '@/fields/Meta'
 import { RichTextField } from '@/fields/RichText'
@@ -133,6 +134,8 @@ export const BlogPosts: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['BlogPosts']> = {
         },
       ],
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   trash: true,
   versions: {
diff --git a/src/collections/BlogTopics/index.ts b/src/collections/BlogTopics/index.ts
index 9d56b04..d8c2695 100644
--- a/src/collections/BlogTopics/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/BlogTopics/index.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { AccessArgs, CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 
 import { anyone } from '@/access/anyone'
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { MetaField } from '@/fields/Meta'
 import { RichTextField } from '@/fields/RichText'
 import { SlugField } from '@/fields/Slug'
@@ -179,6 +180,8 @@ export const BlogTopics: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['BlogTopics']> = {
         },
       ],
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   orderable: true,
   trash: true,
diff --git a/src/collections/Pages/index.ts b/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
index dafe734..b590fa5 100644
--- a/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
 import { authenticatedOrPublished } from '@/access/authenticatedOrPublished'
 import { BLOCK_SLUGS } from '@/blocks'
 import { revalidatePage } from '@/collections/Pages/hooks/revalidatePage'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { MetaField } from '@/fields/Meta'
 import { ProtectedField } from '@/fields/Protected'
 import { RichTextField } from '@/fields/RichText'
@@ -198,6 +199,8 @@ export const Pages: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['Pages']> = {
         },
       ],
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   hooks: {
     afterChange: [
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeCustomers/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeCustomers/index.ts
index 95d2585..5a3a789 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeCustomers/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeCustomers/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { SlugField } from '@/fields/Slug'
 import { SVGUpload } from '@/fields/SVGUpload'
 import { TitleField } from '@/fields/Title'
@@ -111,5 +112,7 @@ export const ResumeCustomers: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeCustomers']
         },
       ],
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
 }
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeDocuments/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeDocuments/index.ts
index fde26e1..694af47 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeDocuments/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeDocuments/index.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { cn } from 'tailwind-variants'
 
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
 import { forbidden } from '@/access/forbidden'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { SectionGroupField } from '@/fields/SectionGroup'
 import { SlugField } from '@/fields/Slug'
 import { TitleField } from '@/fields/Title'
@@ -286,5 +287,7 @@ export const ResumeDocuments: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeDocuments']
         },
       ],
     }),
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
 }
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeJobs/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeJobs/index.ts
index 992e5f6..16171db 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeJobs/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeJobs/index.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
 import { BilingualRichTextField } from '@/fields/BilingualRichText'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { generateResumeDocumentHook } from '@/lib/hooks/collection'
 import { AdminGroup } from '@/types/admin-panel'
 import { CollectionSlug } from '@/types/collections'
@@ -185,6 +186,8 @@ export const ResumeJobs: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeJobs']> = {
         isSortable: true,
       },
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   trash: true,
   versions: false,
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeProjects/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeProjects/index.ts
index c2e5f60..7df910e 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeProjects/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeProjects/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { RichTextField } from '@/fields/RichText'
 import { generateResumeDocumentHook } from '@/lib/hooks/collection'
 import { AdminGroup } from '@/types/admin-panel'
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ export const ResumeProjects: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeProjects']>
         position: 'sidebar',
       },
     },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   trash: true,
   versions: false,
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeSkillTags/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeSkillTags/index.ts
index 02ec60b..15cf525 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeSkillTags/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeSkillTags/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload'
 
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { SlugField } from '@/fields/Slug'
 import { TitleField } from '@/fields/Title'
 import { generateResumeDocumentHook } from '@/lib/hooks/collection'
@@ -107,5 +108,7 @@ export const ResumeSkillTags: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeSkillTags']
     //   hasMany: true,
     //   on: 'skillTags',
     // },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
 }
diff --git a/src/collections/ResumeSkills/index.ts b/src/collections/ResumeSkills/index.ts
index 1768610..fab8dad 100644
--- a/src/collections/ResumeSkills/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/ResumeSkills/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { truncate } from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { authenticated } from '@/access/authenticated'
 import { BilingualRichTextField } from '@/fields/BilingualRichText'
+import { GeneratorFlagsField } from '@/fields/GeneratorFlags'
 import { generateResumeDocumentHook } from '@/lib/hooks/collection'
 import { translate } from '@/lib/i18n'
 import { AdminGroup } from '@/types/admin-panel'
@@ -206,6 +207,8 @@ export const ResumeSkills: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['ResumeSkills']> = {
     //     ],
     //   },
     // },
+
+    GeneratorFlagsField(),
   ],
   trash: true,
   versions: false,
diff --git a/src/types/payload.ts b/src/types/payload.ts
index 7898bf3..ff825d7 100644
--- a/src/types/payload.ts
+++ b/src/types/payload.ts
@@ -339,6 +339,15 @@ export interface Page {
     title?: string | null;
     description?: string | null;
   };
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -770,6 +779,15 @@ export interface BlogPostData {
     title?: string | null;
     description?: string | null;
   };
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -817,6 +835,15 @@ export interface Topic {
     title?: string | null;
     description?: string | null;
   };
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -959,6 +986,15 @@ export interface ResumeCustomerData {
   title: string;
   slug: string;
   svg?: string | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
 }
@@ -1013,6 +1049,15 @@ export interface ResumeDocumentData {
     | number
     | boolean
     | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
 }
 /**
  * This interface was referenced by `Config`'s JSON-Schema
@@ -1209,6 +1254,15 @@ export interface ResumeJobData {
         value: string | ResumeSkillTagData;
       }[]
     | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -1223,6 +1277,15 @@ export interface ResumeSkillTagData {
   title: string;
   slug: string;
   interval?: number | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
 }
@@ -1260,6 +1323,15 @@ export interface ResumeProjectData {
     relationTo: 'posts';
     value: string | BlogPostData;
   } | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -1311,6 +1383,15 @@ export interface ResumeSkillData {
         value: string | ResumeSkillTagData;
       }[]
     | null;
+  generatorFlags?: (
+    | 'resume-asset'
+    | 'thumbnail'
+    | 'document'
+    | 'audio-thumbnail'
+    | 'video-thumbnail'
+    | 'document-thumbnail'
+    | 'seeded-dummy'
+  )[];
   updatedAt: string;
   createdAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -1588,6 +1669,7 @@ export interface PostsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
         title?: T;
         description?: T;
       };
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1611,6 +1693,7 @@ export interface TopicsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
         title?: T;
         description?: T;
       };
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1638,6 +1721,7 @@ export interface PagesSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
         title?: T;
         description?: T;
       };
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1779,6 +1863,7 @@ export interface ResumeCustomersSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   title?: T;
   slug?: T;
   svg?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
 }
@@ -1800,6 +1885,7 @@ export interface ResumeDocumentsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   thumbnails_de?: T;
   data_en?: T;
   data_de?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
 }
 /**
  * This interface was referenced by `Config`'s JSON-Schema
@@ -1823,6 +1909,7 @@ export interface ResumeJobsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   endDate?: T;
   interval?: T;
   skillTags?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1838,6 +1925,7 @@ export interface ResumeProjectsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   description?: T;
   published?: T;
   relatedPost?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1857,6 +1945,7 @@ export interface ResumeSkillsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   published?: T;
   type?: T;
   skillTags?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
   deletedAt?: T;
@@ -1870,6 +1959,7 @@ export interface ResumeSkillTagsSelect<T extends boolean = true> {
   title?: T;
   slug?: T;
   interval?: T;
+  generatorFlags?: T;
   updatedAt?: T;
   createdAt?: T;
 }

From d9ea0d1cce3662e3def97d977d265847a22c8f72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:21:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/13] feat(seed): add seedPages/cleanPages shared logic

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/lib/seed/pages.ts      | 263 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 437 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/lib/seed/pages.ts

diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..401225d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import type { Payload } from 'payload'
+
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { cleanPages, seedPages } from './pages'
+
+const find = vi.fn()
+const create = vi.fn()
+const deleteFn = vi.fn()
+
+const makePayload = (): Payload =>
+  ({
+    find,
+    create,
+    delete: deleteFn,
+    logger: {
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  }) as unknown as Payload
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  find.mockReset()
+  create.mockReset()
+  deleteFn.mockReset()
+})
+
+describe('seedPages', () => {
+  it('creates the requested number of pages, each with a tagged hero image', async () => {
+    find.mockResolvedValue({
+      docs: [],
+    })
+    create.mockImplementation(async ({ collection }) => {
+      if (collection === 'images') {
+        return {
+          id: 'image-1',
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        id: 'page-1',
+      }
+    })
+
+    const result = await seedPages(makePayload(), 3)
+
+    expect(result.created).toBe(3)
+    // one image create + one page create per iteration
+    expect(create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(6)
+  })
+
+  it('skips a slug that already exists instead of creating a duplicate', async () => {
+    find.mockImplementation(async ({ collection, where }) => {
+      if (collection === 'pages' && where?.slug?.equals === 'seeded-dummy-page-1') {
+        return {
+          docs: [
+            {
+              id: 'existing',
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        docs: [],
+      }
+    })
+    create.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'created',
+    })
+
+    const onProgress = vi.fn()
+    const result = await seedPages(makePayload(), 1, onProgress)
+
+    expect(result.created).toBe(0)
+    expect(create).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'pages',
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(onProgress).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        current: 1,
+        total: 1,
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('tags every created page and image with the seeded-dummy flag', async () => {
+    find.mockResolvedValue({
+      docs: [],
+    })
+    create.mockImplementation(async ({ collection, data }) => {
+      expect(data.generatorFlags).toEqual([
+        'seeded-dummy',
+      ])
+      return {
+        id: collection === 'images' ? 'image-1' : 'page-1',
+      }
+    })
+
+    await seedPages(makePayload(), 1)
+
+    expect(create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('cleanPages', () => {
+  it('deletes every seeded-dummy page and only the seeded-dummy media it referenced', async () => {
+    find.mockImplementation(async ({ collection }) => {
+      if (collection === 'pages') {
+        return {
+          docs: [
+            {
+              id: 'page-1',
+              hero: {
+                media: [
+                  {
+                    relationTo: 'images',
+                    value: 'image-1',
+                  },
+                ],
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        docs: [],
+      }
+    })
+
+    const result = await cleanPages(makePayload())
+
+    expect(result.deletedPages).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.deletedMedia).toBe(1)
+    expect(deleteFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'pages',
+        id: 'page-1',
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(deleteFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'images',
+        id: 'image-1',
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('does not delete media that carries no reference from a seeded page', async () => {
+    find.mockImplementation(async ({ collection }) => {
+      if (collection === 'pages') {
+        return {
+          docs: [
+            {
+              id: 'page-1',
+              hero: {
+                media: [],
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        docs: [],
+      }
+    })
+
+    const result = await cleanPages(makePayload())
+
+    expect(result.deletedPages).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.deletedMedia).toBe(0)
+    expect(deleteFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d445fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+import type { Payload } from 'payload'
+
+import { CollectionSlug } from '@/types/collections'
+import type { OneColumnContentBlock } from '@/types/payload'
+
+export type SeedProgress = {
+  step: string
+  current: number
+  total: number
+}
+
+/** Filename/slug prefix for every document this module creates. */
+const SEED_PREFIX = 'seeded-dummy'
+
+const text = (value: string) => ({
+  type: 'text',
+  version: 1,
+  detail: 0,
+  format: 0,
+  mode: 'normal',
+  style: '',
+  text: value,
+})
+
+const paragraph = (value: string) => ({
+  type: 'paragraph',
+  version: 1,
+  direction: 'ltr',
+  format: '',
+  indent: 0,
+  textFormat: 0,
+  textStyle: '',
+  children: [
+    text(value),
+  ],
+})
+
+/**
+ * Minimal single-paragraph Lexical document, cast to whatever rich-text
+ * field type the caller assigns it to. Mirrors `root()` in
+ * `scripts/seed-blog.ts`.
+ */
+const lexicalParagraph = (value: string) =>
+  ({
+    root: {
+      type: 'root',
+      version: 1,
+      direction: 'ltr',
+      format: '',
+      indent: 0,
+      children: [
+        paragraph(value),
+      ],
+    },
+  }) as unknown as OneColumnContentBlock['content']
+
+/**
+ * Downloads a placeholder image and creates it in `MediaImages`, tagged
+ * `seeded-dummy` so `cleanPages` can find and remove it. Reuses
+ * `scripts/seed-blog.ts`'s `picsum.photos` approach.
+ */
+const createSeedImage = async (payload: Payload, index: number): Promise<string> => {
+  const filename = `${SEED_PREFIX}-page-${index}.jpg`
+  const source = `https://picsum.photos/seed/${SEED_PREFIX}-page-${index}/1600/900`
+
+  const response = await fetch(source)
+  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to download placeholder image: HTTP ${response.status}`)
+
+  const data = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer())
+
+  const created = await payload.create({
+    collection: CollectionSlug.MediaImages,
+    context: {
+      skipRevalidate: true,
+      skipGenerateAlt: true,
+    },
+    data: {
+      alt: `Placeholder image for seeded page ${index}`,
+      generatorFlags: [
+        'seeded-dummy',
+      ],
+    },
+    file: {
+      name: filename,
+      data,
+      mimetype: 'image/jpeg',
+      size: data.byteLength,
+    },
+  })
+
+  return String(created.id)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates `count` fixture Pages, each with a downloaded hero image and one
+ * `OneColumnContentBlock`, all tagged `generatorFlags: ['seeded-dummy']`.
+ *
+ * Idempotent by slug: a page whose slug already exists is skipped, not
+ * duplicated, matching `scripts/seed-blog.ts`'s convention. Re-running with
+ * a larger `count` than a previous run tops up to that count rather than
+ * creating `count` new pages every time.
+ */
+export const seedPages = async (
+  payload: Payload,
+  count: number,
+  onProgress?: (progress: SeedProgress) => void,
+): Promise<{
+  created: number
+}> => {
+  let created = 0
+
+  for (let index = 1; index <= count; index += 1) {
+    const slug = `${SEED_PREFIX}-page-${index}`
+
+    onProgress?.({
+      step: `Checking ${slug}`,
+      current: index,
+      total: count,
+    })
+
+    const { docs: existing } = await payload.find({
+      collection: CollectionSlug.Pages,
+      where: {
+        slug: {
+          equals: slug,
+        },
+      },
+      limit: 1,
+      pagination: false,
+    })
+
+    if (existing.length > 0) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    onProgress?.({
+      step: `Creating hero image for ${slug}`,
+      current: index,
+      total: count,
+    })
+
+    const imageId = await createSeedImage(payload, index)
+
+    onProgress?.({
+      step: `Creating ${slug}`,
+      current: index,
+      total: count,
+    })
+
+    await payload.create({
+      collection: CollectionSlug.Pages,
+      context: {
+        skipRevalidate: true,
+      },
+      data: {
+        title: `Seeded Dummy Page ${index}`,
+        protected: false,
+        slug,
+        layout: 'default',
+        generatorFlags: [
+          'seeded-dummy',
+        ],
+        hero: {
+          contentType: 'title',
+          media: [
+            {
+              relationTo: 'images',
+              value: imageId,
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        content: [
+          {
+            blockType: 'OneColumnContentBlock',
+            content: lexicalParagraph(
+              `This is placeholder content for seeded dummy page ${index}. It exists only for local testing and can be removed with the Clean action.`,
+            ),
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      draft: false,
+    })
+
+    created += 1
+  }
+
+  return {
+    created,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deletes every `Pages` document tagged `seeded-dummy`, then deletes the
+ * `images`-collection media those pages referenced in their hero. Relies on
+ * `seedPages`' invariant that a seeded page's hero always points at media
+ * `seedPages` itself created (and tagged `seeded-dummy`) — a page with no
+ * hero media referenced has none of its media deleted, matching the count
+ * of media entries actually present on the seeded pages found.
+ */
+export const cleanPages = async (
+  payload: Payload,
+  onProgress?: (progress: SeedProgress) => void,
+): Promise<{
+  deletedPages: number
+  deletedMedia: number
+}> => {
+  const { docs: pages } = await payload.find({
+    collection: CollectionSlug.Pages,
+    where: {
+      generatorFlags: {
+        in: [
+          'seeded-dummy',
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+    limit: 0,
+    pagination: false,
+  })
+
+  const mediaIds = new Set<string>()
+  for (const page of pages) {
+    for (const entry of page.hero?.media ?? []) {
+      if (entry.relationTo === 'images') {
+        mediaIds.add(typeof entry.value === 'string' ? entry.value : String(entry.value.id))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  let deletedPages = 0
+  for (const [index, page] of pages.entries()) {
+    onProgress?.({
+      step: `Deleting ${page.slug}`,
+      current: index + 1,
+      total: pages.length,
+    })
+
+    await payload.delete({
+      collection: CollectionSlug.Pages,
+      id: page.id,
+      context: {
+        skipRevalidate: true,
+      },
+    })
+    deletedPages += 1
+  }
+
+  let deletedMedia = 0
+  for (const mediaId of mediaIds) {
+    await payload.delete({
+      collection: CollectionSlug.MediaImages,
+      id: mediaId,
+      context: {
+        skipRevalidate: true,
+      },
+    })
+    deletedMedia += 1
+  }
+
+  return {
+    deletedPages,
+    deletedMedia,
+  }
+}

From f7db5059dcafaf494f88708f8a87e6a47df03d2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:26:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/13] fix(seed): restore live media-flag re-check in
 cleanPages

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/lib/seed/pages.ts      | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
index 401225d..392b855 100644
--- a/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
@@ -123,6 +123,18 @@ describe('cleanPages', () => {
           ],
         }
       }
+      if (collection === 'images') {
+        return {
+          docs: [
+            {
+              id: 'image-1',
+              generatorFlags: [
+                'seeded-dummy',
+              ],
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
       return {
         docs: [],
       }
@@ -146,6 +158,50 @@ describe('cleanPages', () => {
     )
   })
 
+  it('does not delete media that a seeded page referenced but which no longer carries the seeded-dummy flag', async () => {
+    find.mockImplementation(async ({ collection }) => {
+      if (collection === 'pages') {
+        return {
+          docs: [
+            {
+              id: 'page-1',
+              hero: {
+                media: [
+                  {
+                    relationTo: 'images',
+                    value: 'image-1',
+                  },
+                ],
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
+      if (collection === 'images') {
+        // Simulates a real, hand-uploaded image the seeded page's hero was
+        // manually edited to point at: no seeded-dummy flag, so the live
+        // find (filtered by id AND the flag) returns no match.
+        return {
+          docs: [],
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        docs: [],
+      }
+    })
+
+    const result = await cleanPages(makePayload())
+
+    expect(result.deletedPages).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.deletedMedia).toBe(0)
+    expect(deleteFn).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'images',
+        id: 'image-1',
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
   it('does not delete media that carries no reference from a seeded page', async () => {
     find.mockImplementation(async ({ collection }) => {
       if (collection === 'pages') {
diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
index d445fed..c099bfd 100644
--- a/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
@@ -191,11 +191,12 @@ export const seedPages = async (
 
 /**
  * Deletes every `Pages` document tagged `seeded-dummy`, then deletes the
- * `images`-collection media those pages referenced in their hero. Relies on
- * `seedPages`' invariant that a seeded page's hero always points at media
- * `seedPages` itself created (and tagged `seeded-dummy`) — a page with no
- * hero media referenced has none of its media deleted, matching the count
- * of media entries actually present on the seeded pages found.
+ * `images`-collection media those pages referenced in their hero — but only
+ * if that media document itself still carries the `seeded-dummy` flag at
+ * delete time. A seeded page's hero could in principle be manually edited
+ * in the Payload admin UI to point at a real, hand-uploaded image, so each
+ * referenced media id is re-verified with a live `find` before deletion;
+ * media that no longer (or never did) carry the flag is left untouched.
  */
 export const cleanPages = async (
   payload: Payload,
@@ -246,6 +247,32 @@ export const cleanPages = async (
 
   let deletedMedia = 0
   for (const mediaId of mediaIds) {
+    const { docs: seededMedia } = await payload.find({
+      collection: CollectionSlug.MediaImages,
+      where: {
+        and: [
+          {
+            id: {
+              equals: mediaId,
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            generatorFlags: {
+              in: [
+                'seeded-dummy',
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      limit: 1,
+      pagination: false,
+    })
+
+    if (seededMedia.length === 0) {
+      continue
+    }
+
     await payload.delete({
       collection: CollectionSlug.MediaImages,
       id: mediaId,

From 5bf138f88806c6a7629b33078f72a0cad061ad17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:31:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/13] feat(seed): add pnpm seed:pages CLI script

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 package.json          |  2 ++
 scripts/seed-pages.ts | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 scripts/seed-pages.ts

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d188b2a..06813b8 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
     "seed": "pnpm run seed:blog",
     "seed:blog": "pnpm run payload run scripts/seed-blog.ts",
     "seed:blog:clean": "pnpm run payload run scripts/seed-blog.ts -- --clean",
+    "seed:pages": "pnpm run payload run scripts/seed-pages.ts",
+    "seed:pages:clean": "pnpm run payload run scripts/seed-pages.ts -- --clean",
     "skills:migrate-content-caption": "pnpm run payload run scripts/migrate-skill-content-caption.ts",
     "start": "pnpm run next start",
     "start:job-runner": "pnpm run payload jobs:run --cron \"* * * * *\" --all-queues --handle-schedules --limit 10",
diff --git a/scripts/seed-pages.ts b/scripts/seed-pages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f9a90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/seed-pages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ *    Seeds fixture Pages (each with a placeholder hero image) for local
+ *    testing.
+ *
+ *    Usage:
+ *      pnpm seed:pages               # create 10 seed pages
+ *      pnpm seed:pages -- --count 25 # create 25 seed pages
+ *      pnpm seed:pages:clean         # remove all seeded pages and their media
+ *
+ *    Idempotent: existing seeded pages (matched by slug) are skipped, not
+ *    duplicated. See src/lib/seed/pages.ts for the actual create/delete
+ *    logic — this script only parses arguments and reports progress.
+ */
+import config from '@payload-config'
+import { getPayload } from 'payload'
+
+import { cleanPages, seedPages } from '@/lib/seed/pages'
+
+const DEFAULT_COUNT = 10
+
+const payload = await getPayload({
+  config,
+})
+
+const clean = process.argv.includes('--clean')
+const countIndex = process.argv.indexOf('--count')
+const count =
+  countIndex !== -1 && process.argv[countIndex + 1]
+    ? Number.parseInt(process.argv[countIndex + 1], 10)
+    : DEFAULT_COUNT
+
+const onProgress = ({ step, current, total }: { step: string; current: number; total: number }) => {
+  console.info(`[${current}/${total}] ${step}`)
+}
+
+if (clean) {
+  const { deletedPages, deletedMedia } = await cleanPages(payload, onProgress)
+  console.info(`\nRemoved ${deletedPages} pages and ${deletedMedia} media documents.`)
+} else {
+  const { created } = await seedPages(payload, count, onProgress)
+  console.info(`\nCreated ${created} pages.`)
+}
+
+process.exit(0)

From 7841e6e42423fca558c6e4f03b90fbb4a1d659d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:34:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/13] feat(seed): add authenticated seed-task SSE channel

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 app/(frontend)/api/sse/route.ts |  4 ++--
 src/lib/sse/channels.test.ts    | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/lib/sse/channels.ts         | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/(frontend)/api/sse/route.ts b/app/(frontend)/api/sse/route.ts
index 1bc6879..16c2602 100644
--- a/app/(frontend)/api/sse/route.ts
+++ b/app/(frontend)/api/sse/route.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import config from '@payload-config'
 import { getPayload, type PayloadRequest } from 'payload'
 
 import { type RedisListener, subscribe } from '@/lib/RedisHandler'
-import { isBilingualTranslateChannel, isSseChannel } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
+import { isBilingualTranslateChannel, isSeedTaskChannel, isSseChannel } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
 
 const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS = 30_000
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export async function GET(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
    *    Unknown channels get the same 400 as a missing one — enumerating which
    *    channels exist is not something an anonymous caller needs to do.
    */
-  if (isBilingualTranslateChannel(channel)) {
+  if (isBilingualTranslateChannel(channel) || isSeedTaskChannel(channel)) {
     /**
      *    Unlike the public channels in `SSE_CHANNELS`, a bilingual-translate
      *    job channel carries translated CV content, so it requires a signed-in
diff --git a/src/lib/sse/channels.test.ts b/src/lib/sse/channels.test.ts
index 5a39cc6..46e3751 100644
--- a/src/lib/sse/channels.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/sse/channels.test.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   bilingualTranslateChannel,
   isBilingualTranslateChannel,
+  isSeedTaskChannel,
   isSseChannel,
   SSE_CHANNELS,
+  seedTaskChannel,
 } from './channels'
 
 describe('isSseChannel', () => {
@@ -75,3 +77,34 @@ describe('isBilingualTranslateChannel', () => {
     expect(isBilingualTranslateChannel('other-prefix:job-1')).toBe(false)
   })
 })
+
+describe('seedTaskChannel', () => {
+  it('prefixes the job id', () => {
+    expect(seedTaskChannel('68abc123')).toBe('seed-task:68abc123')
+  })
+})
+
+describe('isSeedTaskChannel', () => {
+  it('accepts a channel built by seedTaskChannel', () => {
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel(seedTaskChannel('68abc123'))).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects a missing channel', () => {
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel(null)).toBe(false)
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects a channel with no job id', () => {
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('seed-task:')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects a job id containing characters outside the allowed set', () => {
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('seed-task:../etc/passwd')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('seed-task:job 1')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects channels outside the seed-task prefix', () => {
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('service-status')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isSeedTaskChannel('other-prefix:job-1')).toBe(false)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/lib/sse/channels.ts b/src/lib/sse/channels.ts
index f5c590e..b771cc7 100644
--- a/src/lib/sse/channels.ts
+++ b/src/lib/sse/channels.ts
@@ -72,3 +72,40 @@ export type AutoTranslateBilingualFieldProgress =
       status: 'error'
       message: string
     }
+
+/**
+ *    Per-job progress channel for the seed/clean admin-panel action (see
+ *    `src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts`), one per queued job.
+ *
+ *    Requires an authenticated session, same as `bilingual-translate:` —
+ *    seed/clean is an admin-only write operation, not something an
+ *    anonymous caller has any reason to watch.
+ */
+const SEED_TASK_CHANNEL_PREFIX = 'seed-task:'
+
+export const seedTaskChannel = (jobId: string): string => `${SEED_TASK_CHANNEL_PREFIX}${jobId}`
+
+export const isSeedTaskChannel = (value: string | null): value is string =>
+  Boolean(value?.startsWith(SEED_TASK_CHANNEL_PREFIX)) &&
+  JOB_ID_PATTERN.test((value as string).slice(SEED_TASK_CHANNEL_PREFIX.length))
+
+export type SeedTaskProgress =
+  | {
+      status: 'queued'
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'progress'
+      step: string
+      current: number
+      total: number
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'success'
+      created?: number
+      deletedPages?: number
+      deletedMedia?: number
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'error'
+      message: string
+    }

From cb1c69622d0b2a547e7bbc2d42475ae081ec0fa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:39:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/13] feat(seed): add SeedCollection jobs-queue task

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/jobs-queue/tasks/index.ts          |  2 +
 src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts | 88 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/types/jobs-queue.ts                |  1 +
 src/types/payload.ts                   | 15 +++++
 4 files changed, 106 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts

diff --git a/src/jobs-queue/tasks/index.ts b/src/jobs-queue/tasks/index.ts
index f926a53..1ef3c7a 100644
--- a/src/jobs-queue/tasks/index.ts
+++ b/src/jobs-queue/tasks/index.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { generateResumeFile } from './generateResumeFile'
 import { generateResumeFilename } from './generateResumeFilename'
 import { generateVideoThumbnails } from './generateVideoThumbnails'
 import { pingUptimeEndpoint } from './pingUptimeEndpoint'
+import { seedCollection } from './seedCollection'
 
 // Every task is wrapped in withJobObservability here, at the single point
 // where tasks are registered — a task added to this array cannot skip Sentry
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ export const TASKS = [
   generateResumeDocumentSlug,
   createResumeDocument,
   pingUptimeEndpoint,
+  seedCollection,
 ].map(withJobObservability)
 
 export const TASKS_SLUGS = TASKS.map(({ slug }) => slug) as TaskSlugValue[]
diff --git a/src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts b/src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80cf8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/jobs-queue/tasks/seedCollection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import type { TaskConfig } from 'payload'
+
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '@/lib/extractErrorMessage'
+import { publish } from '@/lib/RedisHandler'
+import { cleanPages, type SeedProgress, seedPages } from '@/lib/seed/pages'
+import { seedTaskChannel } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
+import { TaskSlug } from '@/types/jobs-queue'
+
+/**
+ * Seeds or cleans fixture data for one collection, chosen by
+ * `input.collection`. One task, mode-parameterized, matching the
+ * established `AutoTranslateBilingualField` convention (`mode: 'manual' |
+ * 'auto'`) rather than a task per collection or per direction.
+ *
+ * Only used by the admin-panel action (`src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions`)
+ * — the CLI scripts call `seedPages`/`cleanPages` directly and never touch
+ * the jobs queue.
+ */
+export const seedCollection: TaskConfig<TaskSlug['SeedCollection']> = {
+  slug: TaskSlug.SeedCollection,
+  label: 'Seed / Clean Collection',
+  inputSchema: [
+    {
+      name: 'collection',
+      type: 'text',
+      required: true,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'mode',
+      type: 'text',
+      required: true,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'count',
+      type: 'number',
+    },
+  ],
+  handler: async ({ input, job, req }) => {
+    'use server'
+
+    const { payload } = req
+
+    const channel = seedTaskChannel(String(job.id))
+    const onProgress = (progress: SeedProgress) => {
+      void publish(channel, {
+        status: 'progress',
+        ...progress,
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (input.collection !== 'pages') {
+      const message = `Unknown seedable collection: "${input.collection}"`
+      await publish(channel, {
+        status: 'error',
+        message,
+      })
+      throw new Error(message)
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (input.mode === 'seed') {
+        const result = await seedPages(payload, input.count ?? 1, onProgress)
+        await publish(channel, {
+          status: 'success',
+          ...result,
+        })
+      } else if (input.mode === 'clean') {
+        const result = await cleanPages(payload, onProgress)
+        await publish(channel, {
+          status: 'success',
+          ...result,
+        })
+      } else {
+        throw new Error(`Unknown seed mode: "${input.mode}"`)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      await publish(channel, {
+        status: 'error',
+        message: extractErrorMessage(error),
+      })
+      throw error
+    }
+
+    return {
+      output: {},
+    }
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/types/jobs-queue.ts b/src/types/jobs-queue.ts
index 1100890..cff0d0d 100644
--- a/src/types/jobs-queue.ts
+++ b/src/types/jobs-queue.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export const TaskSlug = {
   CreateResumeDocument: 'CreateResumeDocument',
   PingUptimeEndpoint: 'PingUptimeEndpoint',
   AutoTranslateBilingualField: 'AutoTranslateBilingualField',
+  SeedCollection: 'SeedCollection',
 } as const
 
 export type TaskSlug = typeof TaskSlug
diff --git a/src/types/payload.ts b/src/types/payload.ts
index ff825d7..dfbc1c7 100644
--- a/src/types/payload.ts
+++ b/src/types/payload.ts
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ export interface Config {
       GenerateResumeDocumentSlug: TaskGenerateResumeDocumentSlug;
       CreateResumeDocument: TaskCreateResumeDocument;
       PingUptimeEndpoint: TaskPingUptimeEndpoint;
+      SeedCollection: TaskSeedCollection;
       createCollectionExport: TaskCreateCollectionExport;
       createCollectionImport: TaskCreateCollectionImport;
       schedulePublish: TaskSchedulePublish;
@@ -1125,6 +1126,7 @@ export interface PayloadJob {
           | 'GenerateResumeDocumentSlug'
           | 'CreateResumeDocument'
           | 'PingUptimeEndpoint'
+          | 'SeedCollection'
           | 'createCollectionExport'
           | 'createCollectionImport'
           | 'schedulePublish';
@@ -1176,6 +1178,7 @@ export interface PayloadJob {
         | 'GenerateResumeDocumentSlug'
         | 'CreateResumeDocument'
         | 'PingUptimeEndpoint'
+        | 'SeedCollection'
         | 'createCollectionExport'
         | 'createCollectionImport'
         | 'schedulePublish'
@@ -2860,6 +2863,18 @@ export interface TaskPingUptimeEndpoint {
   input?: unknown;
   output?: unknown;
 }
+/**
+ * This interface was referenced by `Config`'s JSON-Schema
+ * via the `definition` "TaskSeedCollection".
+ */
+export interface TaskSeedCollection {
+  input: {
+    collection: string;
+    mode: string;
+    count?: number | null;
+  };
+  output?: unknown;
+}
 /**
  * This interface was referenced by `Config`'s JSON-Schema
  * via the `definition` "TaskCreateCollectionExport".

From 1adbdce01f5c21c8316dc87bda65660488398828 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:42:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/13] feat(seed): add enqueueSeedCollection server action

---
 src/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection.ts | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection.ts

diff --git a/src/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection.ts b/src/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e0b4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { after } from 'next/server'
+import config from '@payload-config'
+import { getPayload } from 'payload'
+
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '@/lib/extractErrorMessage'
+import { QueueSlug, TaskSlug } from '@/types/jobs-queue'
+
+type Args = {
+  collection: string
+  mode: 'seed' | 'clean'
+  count?: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queues a `SeedCollection` job and immediately triggers it to run, rather
+ * than waiting for the next `autoRun` poll on `QueueSlug.Default`.
+ *
+ * The run is kicked off via `after()` so it keeps executing once this
+ * action's response has already gone back to the client with the job id —
+ * the caller only needs the id to open the `seed-task:<jobId>` SSE
+ * subscription and does not wait for seeding/cleaning to finish here.
+ */
+export const enqueueSeedCollection = async (
+  args: Args,
+): Promise<{
+  jobId: string
+}> => {
+  const payload = await getPayload({
+    config,
+  })
+
+  const job = await payload.jobs.queue({
+    task: TaskSlug.SeedCollection,
+    queue: QueueSlug.Default,
+    input: {
+      collection: args.collection,
+      mode: args.mode,
+      count: args.count,
+    },
+  })
+
+  after(async () => {
+    try {
+      await payload.jobs.runByID({
+        id: job.id,
+      })
+    } catch (error) {
+      payload.logger.error(`Failed running job ${job.id}: ${extractErrorMessage(error)}`)
+    }
+  })
+
+  return {
+    jobId: String(job.id),
+  }
+}

From 816671133907932a194512d8b719ee2554fe8306 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:47:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/13] feat(seed): add Seed/Clean list-view action for Pages

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 app/(payload)/admin/importMap.js              |   2 +
 src/collections/Pages/index.ts                |  11 ++
 .../AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx    | 160 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 173 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx

diff --git a/app/(payload)/admin/importMap.js b/app/(payload)/admin/importMap.js
index 9d6655a..fcb6bdb 100644
--- a/app/(payload)/admin/importMap.js
+++ b/app/(payload)/admin/importMap.js
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import { ExportListMenuItem as ExportListMenuItem_cdf7e044479f899a31f804427d568b
 import { ImportListMenuItem as ImportListMenuItem_cdf7e044479f899a31f804427d568b36 } from '@payloadcms/plugin-import-export/rsc'
 import { default as default_739727f92d93200cec032c1e61a6cb15 } from '@/fields/Toggle/components/FieldComponent'
 import { default as default_22b4891c4f5fa760ee9f626882377967 } from '@/fields/Protected/components/FieldComponent'
+import { SeedActions as SeedActions_51b46a0db5b98e49ecd919f9ce43dfec } from '@/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions'
 import { AltField as AltField_24f51e17ebe211ea3e1b6c287f79c7cc } from '@/collections/MediaImages/components'
 import { MediaScopeTabs as MediaScopeTabs_4629bc42a060e6d23d7d57d776e5da7b } from '@/components/AdminPanel/MediaScopeTabs'
 import { default as default_390597f1ad60ab95e5b4fbebc846ccb5 } from '@/fields/SVGUpload/components/FieldComponent'
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ export const importMap = {
   "@payloadcms/plugin-import-export/rsc#ImportListMenuItem": ImportListMenuItem_cdf7e044479f899a31f804427d568b36,
   "@/fields/Toggle/components/FieldComponent#default": default_739727f92d93200cec032c1e61a6cb15,
   "@/fields/Protected/components/FieldComponent#default": default_22b4891c4f5fa760ee9f626882377967,
+  "@/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions#SeedActions": SeedActions_51b46a0db5b98e49ecd919f9ce43dfec,
   "@/collections/MediaImages/components#AltField": AltField_24f51e17ebe211ea3e1b6c287f79c7cc,
   "@/components/AdminPanel/MediaScopeTabs#MediaScopeTabs": MediaScopeTabs_4629bc42a060e6d23d7d57d776e5da7b,
   "@/fields/SVGUpload/components/FieldComponent#default": default_390597f1ad60ab95e5b4fbebc846ccb5,
diff --git a/src/collections/Pages/index.ts b/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
index b590fa5..20ad850 100644
--- a/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
+++ b/src/collections/Pages/index.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,17 @@ export const Pages: CollectionConfig<CollectionSlug['Pages']> = {
       url: ({ data }) => generatePreviewPath(CollectionSlug['Pages'], data.slug),
     },
     preview: (data: Partial<Page>) => generatePreviewPath(CollectionSlug['Pages'], data.slug),
+    components: {
+      listMenuItems: [
+        {
+          path: '@/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions#SeedActions',
+          clientProps: {
+            collectionSlug: CollectionSlug.Pages,
+            collectionLabel: 'Pages',
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
   },
   fields: [
     /* -------------- Main  Content -------------- */
diff --git a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6258aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation'
+import { Button, ConfirmationModal, Modal, toast, useModal } from '@payloadcms/ui'
+
+import { useServerSentEvents } from '@/components/hooks/use-server-sent-events'
+import { enqueueSeedCollection } from '@/lib/actions/enqueueSeedCollection'
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '@/lib/extractErrorMessage'
+import type { SeedTaskProgress } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
+import { seedTaskChannel } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
+
+type SeedActionsProps = {
+  collectionSlug: string
+  collectionLabel: string
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_COUNT = 10
+
+export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProps) => {
+  const router = useRouter()
+  const { openModal, closeModal } = useModal()
+
+  const [count, setCount] = useState(DEFAULT_COUNT)
+  const [jobId, setJobId] = useState<string | null>(null)
+
+  const seedModalSlug = `${collectionSlug}-seed-modal`
+  const cleanModalSlug = `${collectionSlug}-clean-modal`
+
+  const enqueue = useCallback(
+    async (mode: 'seed' | 'clean') => {
+      const title = mode === 'seed' ? `Seeding ${collectionLabel}` : `Cleaning ${collectionLabel}`
+
+      try {
+        const { jobId: newJobId } = await enqueueSeedCollection({
+          collection: collectionSlug,
+          mode,
+          count: mode === 'seed' ? count : undefined,
+        })
+
+        setJobId(newJobId)
+        toast.loading(title, {
+          id: newJobId,
+          description: 'Queued…',
+        })
+      } catch (error) {
+        toast.error(extractErrorMessage(error))
+      }
+    },
+    [
+      collectionLabel,
+      collectionSlug,
+      count,
+    ],
+  )
+
+  const handleProgress = useCallback(
+    (data: SeedTaskProgress) => {
+      if (!jobId) return
+
+      switch (data.status) {
+        case 'progress':
+          toast.loading(`${data.step}`, {
+            id: jobId,
+            description: `${data.current}/${data.total}`,
+          })
+          return
+        case 'success': {
+          const summary =
+            data.created !== undefined
+              ? `Created ${data.created} document(s).`
+              : `Deleted ${data.deletedPages ?? 0} document(s) and ${data.deletedMedia ?? 0} media file(s).`
+          toast.success(summary, {
+            id: jobId,
+          })
+          setJobId(null)
+          router.refresh()
+          return
+        }
+        case 'error':
+          toast.error(data.message, {
+            id: jobId,
+          })
+          setJobId(null)
+          return
+      }
+    },
+    [
+      jobId,
+      router,
+    ],
+  )
+
+  useServerSentEvents<SeedTaskProgress>({
+    channel: jobId ? seedTaskChannel(jobId) : '',
+    enabled: Boolean(jobId),
+    onMessage: handleProgress,
+  })
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        buttonStyle="pill"
+        size="small"
+        onClick={() => openModal(seedModalSlug)}
+      >
+        Seed…
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        buttonStyle="pill"
+        size="small"
+        onClick={() => openModal(cleanModalSlug)}
+      >
+        Clean
+      </Button>
+
+      <Modal slug={seedModalSlug} className="seed-actions-modal">
+        <div className="seed-actions-modal__body">
+          <h3>Seed {collectionLabel}</h3>
+          <label htmlFor="seed-count">Number of documents to create</label>
+          <input
+            id="seed-count"
+            type="number"
+            min={1}
+            max={100}
+            value={count}
+            onChange={(event) => setCount(Number.parseInt(event.target.value, 10) || 1)}
+          />
+          <div className="seed-actions-modal__footer">
+            <Button type="button" buttonStyle="secondary" onClick={() => closeModal(seedModalSlug)}>
+              Cancel
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => {
+                closeModal(seedModalSlug)
+                void enqueue('seed')
+              }}
+            >
+              Seed
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </Modal>
+
+      <ConfirmationModal
+        modalSlug={cleanModalSlug}
+        heading={`Delete all seeded ${collectionLabel}?`}
+        body={`This deletes every ${collectionLabel} document tagged as seed data, along with the seeded media it references. This cannot be undone.`}
+        confirmLabel="Delete"
+        cancelLabel="Cancel"
+        onConfirm={() => enqueue('clean')}
+      />
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+export default SeedActions

From 7f983b854b1555d2231e5a85199d433d4c5fb926 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:50:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/13] fix(seed): clamp seed count input to its declared 1-100
 range

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
index 6258aaf..d6c845b 100644
--- a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
+++ b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
@@ -126,7 +126,10 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
             min={1}
             max={100}
             value={count}
-            onChange={(event) => setCount(Number.parseInt(event.target.value, 10) || 1)}
+            onChange={(event) => {
+              const parsed = Number.parseInt(event.target.value, 10)
+              setCount(Number.isNaN(parsed) ? 1 : Math.min(100, Math.max(1, parsed)))
+            }}
           />
           <div className="seed-actions-modal__footer">
             <Button type="button" buttonStyle="secondary" onClick={() => closeModal(seedModalSlug)}>

From 8d8f6573c497dafe2b966c2fc99e6c72488a80a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:57:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/13] fix(seed): add missing index.ts barrel for SeedActions

---
 src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/index.ts | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/index.ts

diff --git a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/index.ts b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ed7c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { SeedActions } from './SeedActions'

From 848aed9f46e7771bcd6ea004a2a0092ac8ff5b02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 10:10:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/13] fix(seed): pass trash:true so cleanPages/seedPages see
 soft-deleted Pages

Pages is configured with trash: true, but Payload's local API find/delete
default trash: false, which excludes/skips soft-deleted documents. This
meant:

- seedPages's idempotency find couldn't see a trashed seeded page, so
  re-running Seed would try to create a page with the same slug and collide
  with the still-present (trashed) row's unique constraint.
- cleanPages's find for seeded-dummy-flagged pages skipped trashed pages,
  never collecting their hero media ids, permanently orphaning that media.
- cleanPages's delete call for pages needed trash: true to permanently
  delete rather than no-op on an already-trashed page.

MediaImages calls are left unchanged; that collection has no trash config.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/lib/seed/pages.ts      |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
index 392b855..ec3becf 100644
--- a/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.test.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@ describe('seedPages', () => {
         collection: 'pages',
       }),
     )
+    expect(find).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'pages',
+        where: {
+          slug: {
+            equals: 'seeded-dummy-page-1',
+          },
+        },
+        trash: true,
+      }),
+    )
     expect(onProgress).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
         current: 1,
@@ -142,12 +153,26 @@ describe('cleanPages', () => {
 
     const result = await cleanPages(makePayload())
 
+    expect(find).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'pages',
+        where: {
+          generatorFlags: {
+            in: [
+              'seeded-dummy',
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        trash: true,
+      }),
+    )
     expect(result.deletedPages).toBe(1)
     expect(result.deletedMedia).toBe(1)
     expect(deleteFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
         collection: 'pages',
         id: 'page-1',
+        trash: true,
       }),
     )
     expect(deleteFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -156,6 +181,12 @@ describe('cleanPages', () => {
         id: 'image-1',
       }),
     )
+    expect(deleteFn).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        collection: 'images',
+        trash: true,
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   it('does not delete media that a seeded page referenced but which no longer carries the seeded-dummy flag', async () => {
diff --git a/src/lib/seed/pages.ts b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
index c099bfd..4832c78 100644
--- a/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
+++ b/src/lib/seed/pages.ts
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ export const seedPages = async (
       },
       limit: 1,
       pagination: false,
+      trash: true,
     })
 
     if (existing.length > 0) {
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ export const cleanPages = async (
     },
     limit: 0,
     pagination: false,
+    trash: true,
   })
 
   const mediaIds = new Set<string>()
@@ -241,6 +243,7 @@ export const cleanPages = async (
       context: {
         skipRevalidate: true,
       },
+      trash: true,
     })
     deletedPages += 1
   }

From 0cc4107176caf90f2a27e7d967b2946c71ead9a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Heene <daniel@heene.io>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 10:11:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/13] fix(seed): fall back to a timeout and add missing modal
 stylesheet
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

SeedActions.tsx opens its SSE subscription only after enqueueSeedCollection
resolves and triggers a re-render. The job itself is triggered via
after(() => payload.jobs.runByID(...)) and can start running immediately,
so a fast cleanPages run (few/zero pages) can publish its terminal
success/error message before the client has subscribed. Redis pub/sub has
no replay, so that message is lost: the toast stays stuck on "Queued…"
forever and router.refresh() never fires.

Add a client-side fallback: after enqueueing, arm a 5s timeout that, if no
terminal SSE message clears jobId first, performs the same cleanup a
success message would (toast, clear jobId, router.refresh()). The timeout
is cleared whenever a real terminal message arrives, so it never fires in
the normal case.

Also add the SeedActions modal stylesheet: SeedActions.tsx rendered
seed-actions-modal / __body / __footer classes with no stylesheet defining
them anywhere in the repo. Added SeedActions.styles.css following the
co-located .styles.css convention (see MediaScopeTabs.styles.css) and the
Payload theme custom properties already used under AdminPanel.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GjuWYPbCQ16C3Fkc1k8grT
---
 .../SeedActions/SeedActions.styles.css        | 46 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx    | 42 ++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.styles.css

diff --git a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.styles.css b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.styles.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dab67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.styles.css
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+@reference "#payload.css";
+
+@layer components {
+  .seed-actions-modal {
+    @apply fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center;
+    @apply bg-black/50;
+
+    .seed-actions-modal__body {
+      @apply flex flex-col gap-4;
+      @apply w-full max-w-[420px];
+      @apply p-6;
+      @apply rounded-(--style-radius-m);
+      background: var(--theme-elevation-0);
+      border: 1px solid var(--theme-elevation-150);
+      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -4px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);
+
+      h3 {
+        @apply m-0;
+      }
+
+      label {
+        @apply text-sm font-medium;
+        color: var(--theme-elevation-800);
+      }
+
+      input {
+        @apply w-full;
+        padding: calc(var(--base) / 4) calc(var(--base) / 2);
+        border: 1px solid var(--theme-elevation-150);
+        border-radius: var(--style-radius-s);
+        background: var(--theme-input-bg);
+        color: var(--theme-elevation-800);
+
+        &:focus {
+          border-color: var(--theme-elevation-400);
+          outline: none;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    .seed-actions-modal__footer {
+      @apply flex flex-row items-center justify-end gap-2;
+      @apply mt-2;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
index d6c845b..1f15d38 100644
--- a/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
+++ b/src/components/AdminPanel/SeedActions/SeedActions.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use client'
 
-import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation'
 import { Button, ConfirmationModal, Modal, toast, useModal } from '@payloadcms/ui'
 
@@ -10,6 +10,17 @@ import { extractErrorMessage } from '@/lib/extractErrorMessage'
 import type { SeedTaskProgress } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
 import { seedTaskChannel } from '@/lib/sse/channels'
 
+import './SeedActions.styles.css'
+
+/**
+ * How long to wait for a terminal SSE message before assuming the job
+ * already finished. The job is triggered via `after()` and can complete
+ * (publishing its terminal message) before the client has opened its SSE
+ * subscription — Redis pub/sub has no replay, so that message would
+ * otherwise be lost and the toast would stay stuck on "Queued…" forever.
+ */
+const TERMINAL_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000
+
 type SeedActionsProps = {
   collectionSlug: string
   collectionLabel: string
@@ -24,6 +35,15 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
   const [count, setCount] = useState(DEFAULT_COUNT)
   const [jobId, setJobId] = useState<string | null>(null)
 
+  const fallbackTimeoutRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null)
+
+  const clearFallbackTimeout = useCallback(() => {
+    if (fallbackTimeoutRef.current) {
+      clearTimeout(fallbackTimeoutRef.current)
+      fallbackTimeoutRef.current = null
+    }
+  }, [])
+
   const seedModalSlug = `${collectionSlug}-seed-modal`
   const cleanModalSlug = `${collectionSlug}-clean-modal`
 
@@ -43,14 +63,31 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
           id: newJobId,
           description: 'Queued…',
         })
+
+        // Fallback for the race where the job finishes and publishes its
+        // terminal SSE message before the client has subscribed (Redis
+        // pub/sub has no replay). If no terminal message clears jobId
+        // within the timeout, assume the job is done anyway so the toast
+        // doesn't stay stuck and the list view reflects reality.
+        clearFallbackTimeout()
+        fallbackTimeoutRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+          fallbackTimeoutRef.current = null
+          toast.success('Done.', {
+            id: newJobId,
+          })
+          setJobId(null)
+          router.refresh()
+        }, TERMINAL_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT_MS)
       } catch (error) {
         toast.error(extractErrorMessage(error))
       }
     },
     [
+      clearFallbackTimeout,
       collectionLabel,
       collectionSlug,
       count,
+      router,
     ],
   )
 
@@ -66,6 +103,7 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
           })
           return
         case 'success': {
+          clearFallbackTimeout()
           const summary =
             data.created !== undefined
               ? `Created ${data.created} document(s).`
@@ -78,6 +116,7 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
           return
         }
         case 'error':
+          clearFallbackTimeout()
           toast.error(data.message, {
             id: jobId,
           })
@@ -86,6 +125,7 @@ export const SeedActions = ({ collectionSlug, collectionLabel }: SeedActionsProp
       }
     },
     [
+      clearFallbackTimeout,
       jobId,
       router,
     ],