diff --git a/apps/backend/.env.example b/apps/backend/.env.example
index d5b25d8373..fc3b584f17 100644
--- a/apps/backend/.env.example
+++ b/apps/backend/.env.example
@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ REDIS_PASSWORD="skku1234"
 AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="skku"
 AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="skku1234"
 
+### RabbitMQ judge routing ###
+# TEST_KEY and REJUDGE_KEY are intentionally unset by default. They fall back
+# to JUDGE_SUBMISSION_ROUTING_KEY, preserving the former single judge request
+# queue behavior until the split queue topology and workers are provisioned.
+SUBMISSION_KEY="judge.submission"
+# TEST_KEY="judge.test"
+# REJUDGE_KEY="judge.rejudge"
+# Legacy fallback used by deployments that have not configured the keys above.
+JUDGE_SUBMISSION_ROUTING_KEY="judge.submission"
+
 ################################################################################
 # NOTE: The following variables are sensitive.
 # Please copy the values from Notion 'Secrets' page, or fill in your own values.
diff --git a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
index a371191e18..9d474e7b17 100644
--- a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export class SubmissionPublicationService {
    * 2. `isUserTest` 플래그에 따라 다음 중 하나의 채점 요청 객체를 생성
    *    - 사용자 테스트인 경우: `UserTestcaseJudgeRequest` 객체를 생성하며, 사용자 정의 테스트케이스를 포함
    *    - 아닌 경우: 일반 채점 요청인 `JudgeRequest` 객체를 생성
-   * 3. AMQP 프로토콜을 사용하여 지정된 EXCHANGE와 라우팅 키(SUBMISSION_KEY)를 통해 채점 요청 메시지를 발행
+   * 3. AMQP 프로토콜을 사용하여 workload에 맞는 routing key로 채점 요청 메시지를 발행
    *
    * @param {Object} params - 채점 요청 파라미터
    * @param {Snippet[]} params.code - 제출한 코드 스니펫 배열
diff --git a/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.spec.ts b/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40a2cf4103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import type { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config'
+import type { AmqpConnection } from '@golevelup/nestjs-rabbitmq'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+import type { TraceService } from 'nestjs-otel'
+import * as sinon from 'sinon'
+import { DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY, EXCHANGE } from '@libs/constants'
+import { JudgeAMQPService } from './amqp.service'
+
+type RoutingKeyConfig = Partial<
+  Record<
+    | 'SUBMISSION_KEY'
+    | 'TEST_KEY'
+    | 'REJUDGE_KEY'
+    | 'JUDGE_SUBMISSION_ROUTING_KEY',
+    string
+  >
+>
+
+describe('JudgeAMQPService', () => {
+  const sandbox = sinon.createSandbox()
+  const publish = sandbox.stub().resolves()
+  const traceService = {
+    startSpan: sandbox.stub().returns({
+      setAttributes: sandbox.stub(),
+      end: sandbox.stub()
+    })
+  } as unknown as TraceService
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sandbox.resetHistory()
+  })
+
+  const createService = function (config: RoutingKeyConfig) {
+    const configService = {
+      get: (key: keyof RoutingKeyConfig) => config[key]
+    } as ConfigService
+
+    return new JudgeAMQPService(
+      { publish } as unknown as AmqpConnection,
+      traceService,
+      configService
+    )
+  }
+
+  const expectRoutingKey = async function (
+    service: JudgeAMQPService,
+    routingKey: string,
+    isTest = false,
+    isUserTest = false,
+    isRejudge = false
+  ) {
+    await service.publishJudgeRequestMessage(
+      { request: routingKey },
+      42,
+      isTest,
+      isUserTest,
+      isRejudge
+    )
+
+    expect(publish.calledWith(EXCHANGE, routingKey)).to.be.true
+    sandbox.resetHistory()
+  }
+
+  const createRoutingKeyConfig = function (
+    entries: [keyof RoutingKeyConfig, string][]
+  ): RoutingKeyConfig {
+    return Object.fromEntries(entries)
+  }
+
+  it('uses workload-specific routing keys when configured', async () => {
+    const service = createService(
+      createRoutingKeyConfig([
+        ['SUBMISSION_KEY', 'submission.key'],
+        ['TEST_KEY', 'test.key'],
+        ['REJUDGE_KEY', 'rejudge.key']
+      ])
+    )
+
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'submission.key')
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'test.key', true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'test.key', false, true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'rejudge.key', false, false, true)
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to the legacy submission routing key for every workload', async () => {
+    const service = createService(
+      createRoutingKeyConfig([
+        ['JUDGE_SUBMISSION_ROUTING_KEY', 'legacy.submission.key']
+      ])
+    )
+
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'legacy.submission.key')
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'legacy.submission.key', true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'legacy.submission.key', false, true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, 'legacy.submission.key', false, false, true)
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to the built-in submission key when no routing key is configured', async () => {
+    const service = createService({})
+
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY, true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY, false, true)
+    await expectRoutingKey(service, DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY, false, false, true)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.ts b/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.ts
index a557150321..a6528b48b3 100644
--- a/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/libs/amqp/src/amqp.service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common'
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config'
 import {
   AmqpConnection,
   Nack,
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@ import {
   MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH,
   MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE,
   MESSAGE_PRIORITY_LOW,
-  SUBMISSION_KEY,
   SUBMISSION_MESSAGE_TYPE,
-  RUN_SUBMISSION_MESSAGE_TYPE
+  RUN_SUBMISSION_MESSAGE_TYPE,
+  DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY
 } from '@libs/constants'
 
 @Injectable()
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ export class JudgeAMQPService {
 
   constructor(
     private readonly amqpConnection: AmqpConnection,
-    private readonly traceService: TraceService
+    private readonly traceService: TraceService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService
   ) {}
 
   startSubscription() {
@@ -95,12 +97,17 @@ export class JudgeAMQPService {
     )
     span.setAttributes({ submissionId })
 
-    await this.amqpConnection.publish(EXCHANGE, SUBMISSION_KEY, judgeRequest, {
-      messageId: String(submissionId),
-      persistent: true,
-      type: this.calculateMessageType(isTest, isUserTest),
-      priority: this.calculateMessagePriority(isTest, isUserTest, isRejudge)
-    })
+    await this.amqpConnection.publish(
+      EXCHANGE,
+      this.calculateRoutingKey(isTest, isUserTest, isRejudge),
+      judgeRequest,
+      {
+        messageId: String(submissionId),
+        persistent: true,
+        type: this.calculateMessageType(isTest, isUserTest),
+        priority: this.calculateMessagePriority(isTest, isUserTest, isRejudge)
+      }
+    )
     span.end()
   }
 
@@ -113,6 +120,29 @@ export class JudgeAMQPService {
     return JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE
   }
 
+  /**
+   * 채점 workload에 맞는 request queue routing key를 선택합니다.
+   * 새 workload key가 없는 기존 배포에서는 모든 요청을 submission routing
+   * key로 보내 단일 queue 동작을 유지합니다.
+   */
+  private calculateRoutingKey(
+    isTest: boolean,
+    isUserTest: boolean,
+    isRejudge: boolean
+  ) {
+    if (isRejudge) return this.getRoutingKey('REJUDGE_KEY')
+    if (isTest || isUserTest) return this.getRoutingKey('TEST_KEY')
+    return this.getRoutingKey('SUBMISSION_KEY')
+  }
+
+  private getRoutingKey(key: 'SUBMISSION_KEY' | 'TEST_KEY' | 'REJUDGE_KEY') {
+    return (
+      this.configService.get<string>(key) ??
+      this.configService.get<string>('JUDGE_SUBMISSION_ROUTING_KEY') ??
+      DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY
+    )
+  }
+
   /**
    * 메시지 우선순위를 계산하여 반환
    */
diff --git a/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts b/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
index 9810b0283a..5ffb50579a 100644
--- a/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ export const CONSUME_CHANNEL = 'result-consume-channel'
 
 export const EXCHANGE = 'iris.e.direct.judge'
 
-export const SUBMISSION_KEY = 'judge.submission'
+export const DEFAULT_SUBMISSION_KEY = 'judge.submission'
 export const RESULT_KEY = 'judge.result'
 
 export const RESULT_QUEUE = 'iris.q.judge.result'