Comments: Add a REST API endpoint for comment types

[adamsilverstein]

Add a read-only WP_REST_Comment_Types_Controller (/wp/v2/comment-types and
/wp/v2/comment-types/{type}) mirroring the post-types controller, plus a
show_in_rest flag on registered comment types (cascading from public), so
clients can discover registered types and their labels.

Rebuilt from #51 as
part of a stacked-PR trial.

Trac ticket: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/35214

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