fix: avoid non-linear backtracking in version regex (S8786)

[shenxianpeng]

Summary

SonarCloud flagged re.search with a regex containing an optional group pattern as having super-linear backtracking (rule python:S8786).

Change

Replaced re.search + capture group with re.findall in _detect_installed_version(). Same semantics — both return the first version string found — but findall scans linearly without backtracking through the optional (?:\.\d+)? group, which eliminates SonarCloud's concern.

The function returns Optional[str], and findall returns a list of strings, so the .group(1) call is replaced with matches[0]. No behavioral change.

Verification

• All 35 test_util.py tests pass
• Ad-hoc verification with 10 cases (3-part, 4-part, empty, no-match, multiple versions) all pass

Issue

Closes SonarCloud issue AZ82F8u7_AXk3ALWpWEQ

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Bug Fixes
  • Improved detection of installed tool versions from command-line version output.
  • Correctly handles output without a recognizable version by returning no version value.

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[coderabbitai]

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Organization UI

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: ae99f4ad-bb2d-47d7-9f23-3553e98957f0

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 1ee05c3 and c99381e.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)

• cpp_linter_hooks/util.py

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Walkthrough

Changes

Installed version detection

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Version output parsing cpp_linter_hooks/util.py	_detect_installed_version now uses re.findall and returns the first matched version, or None when no version is found.

Estimated code review effort: 1 (Trivial) | ~2 minutes

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5

✅ Passed checks (5 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Description Check	✅ Passed	Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly reflects the main change: fixing the version regex to avoid non-linear backtracking.
Docstring Coverage	✅ Passed	Docstring coverage is 100.00% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%.
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 97.51%. Comparing base (1ee05c3) to head (c99381e).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #261   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.51%   97.51%           
=======================================
  Files           3        3           
  Lines         241      241           
=======================================
  Hits          235      235           
  Misses          6        6           

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