[simon1hofmann]

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Description

Add QIR export as LLVM text (qir/llvm) or bitcode (qir-bitcode). Select Base or Adaptive profiles through qir_profile in Python or --qir-profile in the CLI.

Stacked on #1027 and uses its mqt extra: Core 4.1.1 and Qiskit 2.5.x. Merge #1027 first, then retarget this PR to main. The compiler seed and mapping-trial CLI options also work with QIR output.

Export accepts circuits from either compiler, preserves the input and measurement destinations, and writes files atomically so lowering or write failures preserve existing files. QIR lowering can decompose gates and assign new resource identifiers; the runtime must support the emitted QIS calls and profile.

Fixes #437
Fixes #441

Validation

• Full suite with Core 4.1.1 / Qiskit 2.5.2 on Python 3.13: 904 passed, including execution of exported QIR.
• Full suite without Core / Qiskit 2.6.0 on Python 3.15: 715 passed.
• Full suite at the Qiskit 2.2.3 floor on Python 3.11: 715 passed.
• All three suites report four expected failures for the known Qiskit fixed-width carry bug. The installation without Core skips its test module.
• All lint hooks passed, including type checking with the optional extra.

The branch includes the updated #1027 and current main. Fresh CI is pending.

QIR runtime checks ran outside the local macOS sandbox. Codex assisted with implementation, updates, and checks.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes, or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.

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