sqlite: validate StatementSync.run() integers

[trivikr]

Fixes: #65177

Use the standard SQLite integer conversion for changes and lastInsertRowid. Throw ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE when a value cannot be represented safely as a Number, or return it as a BigInt when BigInt reads are enabled.

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Assisted-by: codex:gpt-5.6-sol

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.85714% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.32%. Comparing base (b2b7405) to head (01f2928).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	92.85%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65178      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.33%   90.32%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         760      760              
  Lines      248523   248531       +8     
  Branches    46906    46900       -6     
==========================================
- Hits       224511   224495      -16     
- Misses      15451    15464      +13     
- Partials     8561     8572      +11     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.cc	81.25% <92.85%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

... and 26 files with indirect coverage changes

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