feature: Support additional table shapes for partition provisioning

[codybswaney]

Overview

This PR adds support for other table shapes for partition preovisioning, specifically the following functionality:

1. Partitioning based on real partition bounds
2. Expanded partition naming schemas (such as y{YYYY}m{MM}, y{YYYY}w{WW}, p{YYYY}w{WW}), configurable via settings
3. Weekly partitioning
4. UTC-pinned boundary rendering and a loud rejection of unsupported non-midnight-aligned tables
5. Inheriting parent grants on new leaves and handling parent-owned keys (composite or single)

The net effect is that we can support future partition provisioning for new shapes, and all of those internally at WorkOS.

Validation

Aside from existing and expanded test coverage, there's a write up on the specific internal validation procedure here.

For INFRA-5626

[greptile-apps]

Greptile Summary

This PR expands partition provisioning support for existing and new partitioned tables. The main changes are:

• Bound-based extension for already-partitioned tables without renaming existing leaves.
• Weekly partition support with ISO-week naming and custom suffix formats.
• UTC-pinned partition boundary rendering with rejection for unsupported non-midnight bounds.
• Parent-owned and composite primary key handling for new leaves.
• Optional grant inheritance for newly created partitions.
• Tests and reusable fixtures for legacy table shapes, custom formats, and coverage reporting.

Confidence Score: 5/5

The changes are well-scoped to partition planning, naming, boundary rendering, and provisioning behavior, with broad test coverage for the new supported table shapes.

The implementation is backed by expanded unit and command coverage across daily, weekly, legacy-shape, custom-format, grant, and key-inheritance cases, and no code issues were identified in the reviewed diff.

T-Rex Logs

What T-Rex did

• Observed the pre-state of the real-bounds test; the baseline showed No settings found: public.evt with evt_default and evt_legacy_week available.
• Observed the post-state of the real-bounds test; the run created partitions ["evt_2026w25", "evt_2026w26"] with contiguous relpartbound bounds after the legacy partition and DEFAULT unchanged.
• Captured artifacts documenting the real-bounds runs, including the commands executed, working directory, revisions/test output, and exit codes.
• Grants-keys tests could not proceed due to environment checks failing (PGSLICE_URL must be set and Docker not found), preventing local Postgres provisioning.

_{Ran code and verified through T-Rex}

_{Reviews (1): Last reviewed commit: "perf: Cache compiled formats and memoize..." | Re-trigger Greptile}